8. Don Clark, “‘Internet of Things’ in Reach,”Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2014.
9. Smolan and Erwitt,Human Face of Big Data, 135.
10. See David C. Gompert and Phillip Saunders,The Paradox of Power: Sino-American Strategic Relations in an Age of Vulnerability (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 2011).
11. Ralph Langer, “Stuxnet: Dissecting a Cyberwarfare Weapon,”IEEE Security and Privacy 9, no. 3 (2011): 49–52.
12. Rex Hughes, quoting General Keith Alexander, in “A Treaty for Cyberspace,”International Affairs 86, no. 2 (2010): 523–41.
13. Publius [James Madison],The Federalist 10, in Hamilton, Madison, and Jay,Federalist Papers, 46–47.
14. See “Digital Set to Surpass TV in Time Spent with US Media: Mobile Helps Propel Digital Time Spent,” eMarketer.com, August 1, 2013 (reporting that the average American adult spends “5 hours per day online, on nonvoice mobile activities or with other digital media” and 4.5 hours per day watching television); Brian Stelter, “8 Hours a Day Spent on Screens, Study Finds,”New York Times,March 26, 2009 (reporting that “adults are exposed to screens... for about 8.5 hours on any given day”).
15. T. S. Eliot, Collected Poems, 1909–1962 (Boston: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991), 147.
16. Betsy Sparrow, Jenny Liu, and Daniel M. Wegner, “Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips,”Science333, no. 6043 (2011): 776–78.
17. See Nicholas Carr,The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains(New York: W. W. Norton, 2010).
18. Erik Brynjolfsson and Michael D. Smith, “The Great Equalizer? Consumer Choice Behavior at Internet Shopbots” (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Sloan School of Management, 2001).
19. Neal Leavitt, “Recommendation Technology: Will It Boost E-commerce?,”Computer 39, no. 5 (2006): 13–16.
20. See Clive Thompson,Smarter Than You Think: How Technology Is Changing Our Minds for the Better (New York: Penguin Press, 2013).
21. Schmidt and Cohen,New Digital Age, 35, 198–99.
22. See for example, Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, “Text Messages Used to Incite Violence in Kenya,” National Public Radio, February 20, 2008 and “When SMS Messages Incite Violence in Kenya,”Harvard Law School Internet & Democracy Blog, February 21, 2008. For a discussion of this and other examples, see Morozov,Net Delusion, 256–61.
23. 也就是说，“预测分析”领域方兴未艾，既用于商业用途，也用于政府领域，预测社会和个人层面的思想和行为。See Eric Siegel, Predictive Analytics: The Power to Predict Who Will Click, Buy, Lie, or Die (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2013).
24. For an exploration of this concept, particularly as applied to the commercial realm, see Lanier,Who Owns the Future?
25. See Chapter 3.
26. Mayer-Sch?nberger and Cukier,Big Data, 150.
27. Edmund Burke,Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790; Indianapolis: Hackett, 1987), 29.
结论当今时代能建立世界秩序吗？
1. For a compelling exploration of this shift and its possible implications, see Charles Kupchan,No One’s World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).
2. The seminal work about prospects for a world ordered on such a basis is Samuel Huntington,The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).
3. On the evolution and appeal of different models, see John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge,The Fourth Revolution: The Global Race to Reinvent the State (New York: Penguin Press, 2014).
4. Edmund Burke to Charles-Jean-Fran?ois Depont, November 1789, inOn Empire, Liberty, and Reform, 412–13.
5. G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven,The Presocratic Philosophers: A Critical History with a Selection of Texts (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1957), 193, 195, 199 (on Heraclitus); Friedrich Nietzsche,The Pre-Platonic Philosophers, trans. with commentary by Greg Whitlock (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001).
6. Henry A.Kissinger, “The Meaning of History:Reflections on Spengler, Toynbee and Kant” (undergraduate thesis, Department of Government, Harvard University, 1950).
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