[11] Abigail Jacobson, ‘Alternative Voices in Late Ottoman Palestine: A Historical Note’, Jerusalem Quarterly 21, 2004
[12] Op. cit., Tamari (2000)
[13] Op. cit., Jawhariyyeh
[14] Op. cit., Sebag-Montefiore
[15] Stephen Graham, With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem, 1913
[16] Ibid.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Ibid.
[19] Helga Dudman and Ruth Kark, The American Colony: Scenes from a Jerusalem Saga, 1998
[20] Bertha Spafford Vester, Our Jerusalem: An American Family in the Holy City, 1881–1949, 1951
[21] Op. cit., Dudman and Kark
[22] Ibid.
[23] Sufian Abu Zaida, ‘‘A Miserable Provincial Town’: The Zionist Approach to Jerusalem from 1897–1937’, Jerusalem Quarterly 32, 2007
[24] Amy Dockser Marcus, Jerusalem 1913: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2007
[25] Ibid.
[26] Central Zionist Archive (CZA), L2/27
[27] CZA, L2/26/3
[28] Ibid.
[29] Quoted in Neville J. Mandel, The Arabs and Zionism before World War I, 1976
[30] Ibid.
[31] Op. cit., Jacobson
[32] CZA, L2/26/3, letter dated 26 January 1913
[33] Ibid.
[34] Op. cit., Dockser Marcus
[35] CZA, L2/26/3
[36] Ibid.
[37] Quoted in op. cit., Mandel
[38] Mendel Beilis, The Story of My Sufferings, trans. Harrison Goldberg, 1926
[39] Ibid.
[40] ISA 415/10, German consular note, February 1913
[41] Theodor Herzl, The Diaries of eodor Herzl, Martin Lowenthal, ed., 1978
第四章 大国的微明
[1] The New York Times, 18 May 1898; op. cit., Kennedy
[2] Ibid.
[3] Elizabeth Kendall, A Wayfarer in China, 1913
[4] Erik J. Zürcher, The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building, 2010
[5] Le Petit Journal, 16 January 1898
[6] Anon., China as it Really Is, 1912
[7] Marius B. Jansen, The Making of Modern Japan, 2002
[8] Quoted in ibid.
[9] Quoted in Carol Gluck, Japan’s Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period, 1985
[10] Peter H. Hoffenberg, An Empire on Display: English, Indian, and Australian Exhibitions from the Crystal Palace to the Great War, 2001
君士坦丁堡
[1] Quoted in Ebru Boyar and Kate Fleet, A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul, 2010
[2] Hermann Barth, Constantinople, 1906 (French version; original German published in 1901)
[3] H. G. Dwight, Constantinople Old and New, 1915
[4] Ibid.
[5] Stanford J. Shaw, ‘The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831–1914’, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 9, no. 3, 1978; Servet Mutlu, ‘Late Ottoman Population and its Ethnic Distribution’, Turkish Journal of Population Studies, no. 25, 2003; Philip Mansel, Constantinople: City of the World’s Desire, 1453–1923, 1995
[6] Mary Poynter, When Turkey was Turkey, 1921
[7] Op. cit., Dwight
[8] Ibid.
[9] Levant Herald and Eastern Express, 2 January 1913
[10] Op. cit., Shaw
[11] Edmondo de Amicis, Constantinople, trans. Maria Horner, 1896 (originally published in Italian in 1877)
[12] Zeynep Çelik, The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century, 1986
[13] Feroz Ahmad, The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908–1914, 1969
[14] Op. cit., Zürcher
[15] Renée Worringer, ‘“Sick man of Europe” or “Japan of the Near East?”: Constructing Ottoman Modernity in the Hamidian and Young Turk Eras’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, 2004
[16] Op. cit., Poynter
[17] Ibid.
[18] Op. cit., Ahmad
[19] Op. cit., Poynter
[20] Ibid.
[21] Ibid.
[22] Op. cit., Mansel
[23] Francis McCullagh, The Fall of Abd-Ul-Hamid, 1910
[24] Op. cit., Ahmad
[25] G. F. Abbott, Turkey in Transition, 1909
[26] Op. cit., Zürcher
[27] Op. cit., Poynter
[28] Op. cit., Mansel
[29] Op. cit., Abbott
[30] Robert Hichens, The Near East, 1913
[31] Ibid.
[32] Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, With the Turks in Thrace, 1913
[33] Henry Morgenthau, United States Diplomacy on the Bosphorus: The Diaries of Ambassador Morgenthau 1913–1916, compiled by Ara Sarafian, 2004
[34] This and following from advertisements in the Levant Herald and Eastern Express, 6 and 9 January 1913
[35] Op. cit., Boyar and Fleet
[36] Andrew Mango, Atatürk, 1999
[37] Karl Baedeker, Konstantinopel und das Westliche Kleinasien, 1905
[38] Op. cit., Hichens
[39] Op. cit., Dwight
[40] Op. cit., Abbott
[41] Quoted in op. cit., Boyar and Fleet
[42] Ibid.
[43] Ibid.
[44] Zeyneb Hanoum, A Turkish Woman’s European Impressions, 1913
[45] Ibid.
[46] Alexander van Millingen, Constantinople, 1906
[47] Ibid.
[48] Ibid.
[49] Ibid.
[50] Nicola Guy, The Birth of Albania: Ethnic Nationalism, the Great Powers of World War I and the Emergence of Albanian Independence, 2012
[51] Quoted in Edith Durham, High Albania, 1909
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