[52] Richard C. Hall, The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War, 2000
[53] Op. cit., Dwight
[54] Op. cit., Poynter
[55] Pierre Loti, Turquie Agonisante, 1913
[56] The Nineteenth Century and After, March 1913
[57] Azmi Özcan, Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain, 1997
[58] Justin McCarthy, Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922, 1996
[59] Leon Sciaky, Farewell to Salonica: City at the Crossroads, 2007
[60] Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, 1914
[61] Op. cit., McCarthy
[62] Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottamanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918, 1997
[63] The Economist, 5 July 1913
[64] Murat Gül, The Emergence of Modern Istanbul: Transformation and Modernisation of a City, 2009
北京—上海
[1] Alphonse Favier, Péking: Histoire et Description, 1902
[2] Madeleine Yue Dong, Republican Beijing: The City and its Histories, 2003
[3] Katharine Carl, With The Empress Dowager, 1905
[4] Ibid.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Julia Boyd, A Dance with the Dragon: The Vanished World of Peking’s Foreign Colony, 2012
[7] B. L. Putnam Weale, Indiscreet Letter from Peking, 1907
[8] Op. cit., Boyd
[9] Op. cit., Putnam Weale
[10] A. Henry Savage Landor, China and the Allies, two volumes., 1901, vol. 2
[11] Op. cit., Bickers
[12] Anon., Letters from John Chinaman, 6th impression, 1904
[13] Julia Lovell, The Opium War, 2011
[14] Pierre Loti, Les Derniers Jours de Pékin, 1902
[15] Quoted in Patricia Buckley Ebrey, ed., Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, 1993
[16] Ibid.
[17] Xu Guoqi, China and the Great War: China’s Pursuit of a New National Identity and Nationalization, 2005
[18] Quoted in op. cit., Ebrey
[19] Op. cit., Bickers
[20] Op. cit., Lovell
[21] ‘Report of the International Opium Commission, Shanghai, China, February 1 to February 26 1909’, North China Daily News & Herald, 1909
[22] Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China, 2nd edition, 1999
[23] Ibid.
[24] H. T. Montague Bell and H. G. W. Woodhead, The China Year Book 1913, 1913
[25] Henri Borel, The New China: A Traveller’s Impressions, 1912
[26] Ibid.
[27] F. L. Hawks Pott, A Short History of Shanghai: Being an Account of the Growth and Development of the International Settlement, 1928
[28] Op. cit., Bell and Woodhead
[29] Op. cit., Spence
[30] Arnold Wright, ed., Twentieth Century Impressions of Hongkong, Shanghai, and other Treaty Ports of China: eir History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources, 1908
[31] Op. cit., Bell and Woodhead
[32] Lu Hanchao, Beyond the Neon Lights: Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century, 1999
[33] Op. cit., Lovell
[34] Christian Henriot, ‘The Shanghai Bund in myth and history: an essay through textual and visual sources’, Journal of Modern Chinese History, vol. 4, no. 1, 2010
[35] Op. cit., Wright
[36] Op. cit., Hanchao
[37] Op. cit., Bickers
[38] Op. cit., Bell and Woodhead
[39] Ibid.
[40] Op. cit., Bickers
[41] Robert L. Jarman, Eed., Shanghai: Political and Economic Reports 1842–1943: British Governmental Records from the International City, vol. 11, 2008 (report dated 23 January 1913)
[42] Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore, Westward to the Far East: A Guide to the Principal Cities of China and Japan with a Note on Korea, 1900
[43] Op. cit., Hawks Pott
[44] Op. cit., Scidmore
[45] James E. Elfers, The Tour to End All Tours: The Story of Major League Baseball’s 1913–1914 World Tour, 2003
[46] North China Daily News, 22 January 1913
[47] North China Daily News, 23 January 1913
[48] Quoted in Catherine Yeh, Shanghai Love: Courtesans, Intellectuals and Entertainment Culture, 1850–1910, 2006
[49] Frederick McCormick, The Flowery Republic, 1913
[50] Paul S. Reinsch, An American Diplomat in China, 1922
[51] P’eng-yuan Chang and Andrew J. Nathan, ‘Political Participation and Political Elites in early Republican China: The Parliament of 1913–1914’, The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 37, no. 2, 1978
[52] Ching Chun Wang, The Atlantic, January 1913
[53] E. Backhouse and J. O. P. Bland, Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking, 1914
[54] US National Archives, RG84/350/2/4 – 175, note, consular archives for Shanghai, 1 April 1913
[55] Ibid.
[56] Op. cit., US National Archives, 11 April 1913
[57] North China Daily News, 9 April 1913
[58] Note from Chargé d’Affaires Williams, op. cit., US National Archives, 11 April 1913
[59] Op. cit., Guoqi
[60] Op. cit., US National Archives, 25 February 1913
[61] Ibid.
[62] North China Daily News, 29 March 1913
[63] B. Atwood Robinson, ‘America’s Business Opportunity in China’, The Journal of Race Development, vol. 3, no. 4, April 1913
[64] St. Piero Rudiger, The Second Revolution in China, 1913: My Adventures of the Fighting around Shanghai, the Arsenal, Woosung Forts, 1914
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