19. See Roxanne L. Euben and Muhammad Qasim Zaman, eds.,Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought: Texts and Contexts from al-Banna to Bin Laden (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2009), 49–53.
20. Hassan al-Banna, “Toward the Light,” in ibid., 58–59.
21. Ibid., 61–62.
22. Ibid., 68–70.
23.Sayyid Qutb,Milestones, 2nd rev.English ed. (Damascus, Syria: Dar al-Ilm, n.d.), 49–51.
24. Ibid., 59–60, 72, 84, 137.
25. For a discussion of the evolution from Qutb to bin Laden, see Lawrence Wright,The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (New York: Random House, 2006).
26. 奥巴马总统在与加拿大总理哈珀举行的联合记者招待会上的讲话，2011年2月4日；2011年2月6日接受福克斯电视网的采访时，奥巴马总统针对埃及的谈话；“总统对埃及的表态”，2011年2月11日。
27. 总统对叙利亚局势的谈话，2011年8月18日。http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/18/statement-president-obama-situation-syria.
28. Mariam Karouny, “Apocalyptic Prophecies Drive Both Sides to Syrian Battle for End of Time,” Reuters, April 1, 2014.
29. 应利雅得的要求，以阻止萨达姆·侯赛因夺取沙特阿拉伯油田的任何企图。
30. See “Message from Usama Bin-Muhammad Bin Ladin to His Muslim Brothers in the Whole World and Especially in the Arabian Peninsula: Declaration of Jihad Against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques; Expel the Heretics from the Arabian Peninsula,” in FBIS Report, “Compilation of Usama bin Ladin Statements, 1994–January 2004,” 13; Piscatori, “Order, Justice, and Global Islam,” 279–80.
31. For an exposition of this phenomenon, see David Danelo, “Anarchy Is the New Normal: Unconventional Governance and 21st Century Statecraft” (Foreign Policy Research Institute, October 2013).
第四章 美国与伊朗：不同的秩序理念
1. Ali Khamenei, “Leader’s Speech at Inauguration of Islamic Awakening and Ulama Conference” (April 29,2013),Islamic Awakening 1, no. 7(Spring 2013).
2. Ibid.
3. “Islamic Invitation Turkey, “The Leader of Islamic Ummah and Oppressed People Imam Sayyed Ali Khamenei: Islamic Awakening Inspires Intl. Events,” November 27, 2011.
4. 关于这一传统，最著名的例子之一是公元前6世纪波斯阿契美尼德帝国的开国君主居鲁士解放被巴比伦奴役的人民，包括犹太人。自称“四极之王”的居鲁士推翻巴比伦帝国进入巴比伦后发出敕令：巴比伦所有的奴隶都可自由返乡，一切宗教都将得到包容。居鲁士是第一个推行宗教多元主义的统治者。据信2 000年后，托马斯·杰斐逊读了色诺芬的《居鲁士的教育》中的这个故事后深受激励，对居鲁士高度赞扬。See “The Cyrus Cylinder: Diplomatic Whirl,” Economist, March 23, 2013.
5. Herodotus,The History, trans. David Grene (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 1.131–135, pp. 95–97.
6. Kenneth M. Pollack,The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America (New York: Random House,2004), 18–19. See also John Garver,China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-imperial World (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006).
7. “See Roy Mottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet:Religion and Politics in Iran (Oxford: Oneworld, 2002), 144; Reza Aslan, “The Epic of Iran,” New York Times, April 30, 2006. 阿布卡萨姆·费尔多西在伊斯兰教征服波斯两个世纪后写成的史诗《国王之书》叙述了波斯被伊斯兰教征服之前光辉灿烂的传说。身为伊斯兰教什叶派教徒的费尔多西通过史诗中的人物之口哀叹：“诅咒这个世界，诅咒这个时代，诅咒这个命运/野蛮的阿拉伯人把我变成了穆斯林。”此言捕捉到了波斯人复杂的心情。
8. See Sandra Mackey,The Iranians: Persia, Islam, and the Soul of a Nation (New York: Plume, 1998), 109n1.
9. Ruhollah Khomeini, “Islamic Government,” inIslam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (1941–1980),trans. Hamid Algar (North Haledon, N.J.: Mizan Press, 1981), 48–49.
10. As quoted in David Armstrong,Revolution and World Order: The Revolutionary State in International Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 192.
11. Khomeini, “Islamic Government,” “The First Day of God’s Government,” and “The Religious Scholars Led the Revolt,” inIslam and Revolution, 147, 265, 330–31.
12. R. W. Apple Jr., “Will Khomeini Turn Iran’s Clock Back 1,300 Years?,” New York Times, February 4, 1979.
13. See Charles Hill,Trial of a Thousand Years: World Order and Islamism (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 2011), 89–91.
14. 这些活动基本上是秘密的，因此有关报告必然只能披露其中的一部分。有人说德黑兰在一定程度上和塔利班以及基地组织合作，或至少默许它们的活动。See, for example, Thomas Kean, Lee Hamilton, et al., The 9/11 Commission Report (New York: W. W. Norton, 2004), 61, 128, 240–41, 468, 529; Seth G. Jones, “Al Qaeda in Iran,” Foreign Affairs, January 29, 2012, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137061/ sethg-jones/al-qaeda-in-iran.
15. Akbar Ganji, “Who Is Ali Khamenei: The Worldview of Iran’s Supreme Leader,”Foreign Affairs, September/October 2013. See also Thomas Joscelyn, “Iran, the Muslim Brotherhood, and Revolution,” Longwarjournal.org, January 28, 2011.
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