16. Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (October 24, 1979), as amended, Section I, Article 11.
17. Khomeini, “New Year’s Message” (March 21, 1980),in Islam and Revolution, 286.
18. 这在伊朗《宪法》中做了规定：“在（时代的监护人，隐身的伊玛目）（愿真主加速他的重现）救世主掩蔽期间，伊斯兰乌玛的领导权由公正虔诚的人承担，他洞察世事、勇敢无畏、足智多谋、治理有方。他将根据107条担任该职务。”参见《伊朗伊斯兰共和国宪法》（1979年10月24日修订）第一部分第5条。伊朗革命的高潮期间，霍梅尼任由人们传说他是脱掩蔽而出的救世主，或至少是救世主的使者。See Milton Viorst, In the Shadow of the Prophet: The Struggle for the Soul of Islam (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press,2001), 192.
19. “Address by H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Before the Sixtysecond Session of the United Nations General Assembly” (New York: Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations, September 25, 2007), 10.
20. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to George W.Bush, May 7, 2006, Council on Foreign Relations online library; “Iran Declares War,”New York Sun, May 11, 2006.
21. As quoted in Arash Karami, “Ayatollah Khamenei: Nuclear Negotiations Won’t Resolve US-Iran Differences,” AlMonitor.com Iran Pulse, February 17, 2014, http://iranpulse.al-monitor.com/index.php/2014/02/3917/ayatollah -khameneinuclear-negotiations-wont-resolve-us-iran-differences/.
22. As quoted in Akbar Ganji, “Frenemies Forever: The Real Meaning of Iran’s ‘Heroic Flexibility,’ ”Foreign Affairs, September 24, 2013, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139953/akbar-ganji/frenemies-forever.
23. 核爆炸可利用两类材料引发——浓缩铀和浓缩钚。通常认为，通过控制浓缩钚反应比通过控制浓缩铀反应来引发核爆炸在技术上难度更大。所以，要防止获得核爆炸能力，主要是堵死铀浓缩这条通道。（钚反应堆也使用铀做燃料，因此需要得到一定数量的铀，也需要熟知铀加工的技术。）伊朗在实现铀浓缩和获得钚的生产技术这两个方面都有了进展，这两个问题也都属于伊核谈判的范围。
24. This account of the negotiating record makes reference to events and proposals described in a number of sources, including the Arms Control Association, “History of Official Proposals on the Iranian Nuclear Issue,” January 2013; Lyse Doucet, “Nuclear Talks: New Approach for Iran at Almaty,” BBC.co.uk, February 28, 2013; David Feith, “How Iran Went Nuclear,”Wall Street Journal, March 2, 2013; Lara Jakes and Peter Leonard, “World Powers Coax Iran into Saving Nuclear Talks,”Miami Herald, February 27, 2013; Semira N. Nikou, “Timeline of Iran’s Nuclear Activities” (United States Institute of Peace, 2014); “Timeline: Iranian Nuclear Dispute,” Reuters, June 17, 2012; Hassan Rohani, “Beyond the Challenges Facing Iran and the IAEA Concerning the Nuclear Dossier” (speech to the Supreme Cultural Revolution Council),Rahbord, September 30, 2005, 7–38, FBISIAP20060113336001; Steve Rosen, “Did Iran Offer a ‘Grand Bargain’ in 2003?,”American Thinker, November 16, 2008; and Joby Warrick and Jason Rezaian, “Iran Nuclear Talks End on Upbeat Note,”Washington Post,February 27, 2013.
25. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, remarks to members of the Iranian Majles (Parliament), Fars News Agency, as translated and excerpted in KGS NightWatch news report, May 26, 2014.
26. David Remnick, “Going the Distance,”New Yorker, January 27, 2014.
27. Address by Yitzhak Rabin to a joint session of the U.S. Congress, July 26, 1994, online archive of the Yitzhak Rabin Center.
第五章亚洲的多样性
1. Philip Bowring, “What Is ‘Asia’?,”Far Eastern Economic Review, February 12, 1987.
2. Qi Jianguo, “An Unprecedented Great Changing Situation: Understanding and Thoughtson the Global Strategic Situation and Our Country’s National Security Environment,”Xuexi shibao [Study Times], January 21, 2013, trans. James A. Bellacqua and Daniel M. Hartnett (Washington, D.C.: CNA, April 2013).
3. See Immanuel C. Y. Hsu,The Rise of Modern China (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 315–17; Thant Myint-U,Where China Meets India (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011), 77–78; John W. Garver,Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001),138–40; Lucian W. Pye,Asian Power and Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), 95–99; Brotton,History of the World in Twelve Maps, chap. 4.
4. See, for example, David C. Kang,East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010), 77–81.
5. Kenneth B. Pyle,Japan Rising (New York: Public Affairs, 2007), 37.
6. John W. Dower,War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War(New York: Pantheon, 1986), 222.
7. See Samuel Hawley,The ImjinWar: Japan’s SixteenthCentury Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China(Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 2005).
8. Kang, East Asia Before the West, 1–2, 93–97.
9. Hidemi Suganami, “Japan’s Entry into International Society,” in Bull and Watson,Expansion of International Society, 187.
10. Marius Jansen,The Making of Modern Japan (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002), 87.
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